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                <text>Early advertisements for Hercules brand dynamite. </text>
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                    <text>Notes on Chinese Laborers: The Outside Men at the Powder Works
By Jennifer Posedel
Chinese laborers formed the core of the workforce in the plant’s early years (86% in
1883). They were hired through employment brokers named Hong Quong and Wong Po,
referred to as Chinese bosses. There are no official company records of their
employment, but news accounts say that as many as 375 worked at Hercules at any one
time.
The Chinese workers performed the dangerous work on the nitroglycerine line, and many
died in the frequent explosions of the 1880s and 1890s. The San Francisco Call reported
that 60 died in the first 14 years of plant operation, although the number could never be
verified because of the lack of records. The worst explosion occurred in 1883 when the
New York Times reported that 40 Chinese and their white overseer were “blown to
atoms.”
The 1900 U.S. Census lists 149 Chinese laborers at the plant, 74 of whom were married.
All had been in the United States for an average of more than 20 years. (Previous
experience probably included mining and railroad construction, but I do not have specific
references to that.) Thirteen were born in California; 14 spoke English; and two worked
as cooks at the camp. At that time, Henry McCullough was the Caucasian foreman of the
outside men at the powder works. The Chinese men paid the boss for room and board at
two rustic buildings located at a waterfront camp. There was also a large population
working at the Giant plant at Pt. Pinole, as well as a shrimp camp there which in 1896
was said to supply three-fourths of the shrimp consumed in San Francisco. In the early
1900s, the powder company at Hercules rented its tidelands to a clam digger named Sing
who lived in a shack at the foot of Tennant Avenue. Plant supervisor McBryde defended
Sing’s exclusive right to the area and had any poachers arrested.
In 1910, among the 27 Chinese then living at the “Wing Tong camp,” several were
employed in the company boarding house as waiter, laundry man, kitchen helper, and
cook. Two worked as cooks in the clubhouse and one cooked for a private family. At
that time, they lived in the Wing Tong camp according to the U.S. Census. The Chinese
camp existed through the Dupont era, but in 1914 the workers departed and the boarding
house and kitchen were demolished.






















“Remembrances” also has good info except that I cannot verify the wage rate nor the
statement that Hong Quong disappeared. What is that based on? Surely no one was able
to research his personal history! The 1910 Census says that Hong Wong (slightly different
name) was the Chinese boss.

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                    <text>This image is large and may take some time to download.
To print this image: (These instructions will not print)
1. Select Page Setup from the File menu on your browser
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                    <text>OUR JAPANESE POPULATION.
CHARLES ALMA BYERS.
Los Angeles Times (1886-1922); May 29, 1913;
ProQuest Historical Newspapers Los Angeles Times (1881 - 1986)
pg. II6

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

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